Which sequence best describes the typical progression of a licensing board disciplinary proceeding?

• A. Initiation, investigation, negotiated settlement, final order.
• B. Notice of allegations, response, expedited disposition, formal sanction.
• C. Intake, investigation, probable cause determination, hearings, and final decision.
• D. Complaint, mediation, consent order, dismissal.

Answer: (C)

A licensing-board disciplinary process follows a step-by-step path that builds the record, protects rights, and leads to a formal decision before any sanctions are imposed. It starts with intake of a complaint or notice of allegations, which brings the issue to the board’s attention. An investigation then collects facts, documents, and possibly interviews to understand what happened. After the investigation, there is a probable cause determination—a threshold decision about whether there is enough evidence to proceed to formal proceedings. If probable cause is found, the matter moves to hearings where evidence is presented, witnesses may testify, and arguments are heard under established procedures. Finally, the board issues a final decision and, if violations are found, imposes sanctions or remedial actions.

Why this sequence fits best is that it preserves due process and ensures actions are based on an actual, developed record, rather than jumping straight to sanctions or informal dispositions. While settlements or consent orders can occur, they typically arise within or after portions of this process rather than replacing the essential steps of intake, investigation, probable cause review, and formal hearings leading to a final decision.